Sprain vs. Fracture: How to Tell If It’s a Broken Bone

Pain, swelling, and limited mobility can be caused by both sprains and fractures. However, what distinguishes a sprain from a fracture can be difficult to determine. A fracture involves a broken bone, whereas a sprain involves damaged soft tissue, such as ligaments and tendons.

What is a sprain?

A sprain happens when ligaments stretch or tear beyond their normal range of motion. Ligaments are tough, fibrous bands that connect bones to one another at joints. They provide support and stability to joints.

Symptoms of a sprain

Symptoms of a sprain can vary depending on the severity of the injury. However, common symptoms include:

• Pain
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Difficulty moving the affected joint
• A popping or snapping sound at the time of the injury

What is a fracture?

A fracture is a break in a bone. Fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including falls, car accidents, and sports injuries.

Symptoms of a fracture

Symptoms of a fracture can also vary depending on the severity of the injury. However, some common symptoms include:

• Severe pain
• Deformity of the affected area
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Difficulty moving the affected area
• A popping sound at the time of the injury

How to tell if it’s a sprain or a fracture

In some cases, it can be difficult to tell if an injury is a sprain or a fracture. However, there are a few things you can look for to help make an informed decision:

• Pain: Fractures typically cause more pain than sprains.
• Swelling: Swelling can be present in both sprains and fractures. However, swelling with a fracture is typically more severe and localized to the area of the break.
• Deformity: Deformity is a hallmark sign of a fracture. If the affected area looks twisted or misshapen, it is likely a fracture.
• Bruising: Bruising can be present in both sprains and fractures. However, bruising with a fracture is typically more extensive.
• Range of motion: With a sprain, you may still be able to move the affected joint, even though it may be painful. However, with a fracture, you will likely be unable to move the affected joint at all.
• Popping sound: A popping sound at the time of the injury is more common in sprains than in fractures.

When to see a doctor

If you are unsure of whether you have a sprain or a fracture, it is important to see a doctor right away. A doctor can perform a physical examination and order an X-ray to determine the severity of the injury.

Even if you think you have a sprain, it is still a good idea to see a doctor to rule out a fracture. Fractures can sometimes be difficult to diagnose, and early treatment is important for optimal healing. Treatment for a sprain may include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE). Treatment for a fracture typically involves splinting or casting to immobilize the bone. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the fracture.

Prevention of sprains and fractures

There are a number of things you can do to prevent sprains and fractures, including:

• Wear appropriate shoes for the activity you are doing.
• Warm up before exercise and cool down afterwards.
• Be aware of your surroundings and avoid hazards.
• Practice good balance and coordination.
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on your joints.
• Eat a healthy diet and get enough calcium to keep your bones strong.

By following these tips, you can help to reduce your risk of sprains and fractures and keep your joints healthy and happy.